RESUMO
Sperm quality appears to be degrading over the past 40 years. Nowadays, more than 35 % of causes of male infertility are still idiopathic. More and more studies have suggested an impact of environment on sperm quality, essentially through epigenetic and hormonal changes. Recent studies in men with impaired sperm quality, have demonstrated epigenetic variations in sperm DNA. These modifications are responsible for modifications of the expression of transmissible genes to theiroffspring. Those transgenerational effects have been particularly illustrated in drosophila and caenorhabditis elegans. In humans, consequences of the environment on fertility have been studied in obese men, who present hypogonadotropic as well as hypergonadotropic hypogonadisms. Interestingly, recent studies have suggested a correlation between sperm quality and longevity. In summary, those environmental factors are the source of new causes of infertility.
Assuntos
Meio Ambiente , Nível de Saúde , Infertilidade Masculina/etiologia , Espermatozoides/fisiologia , DNA/genética , Epigênese Genética/fisiologia , Humanos , Hipogonadismo/complicações , Infertilidade Masculina/genética , Infertilidade Masculina/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Obesidade/complicações , Análise do Sêmen , Espermatogênese/genética , Espermatozoides/químicaRESUMO
Es frecuente que la clínica nos coloque frente a interrogantes que nos hacen ampliar los horizontes para poder pensar la problemática de los pacientes. En el caso de niños o adolescentes cuyo padecimiento parece no condecir con su historia, ni con las versiones relatadas por los adultos, en tanto analistas, nos encontramos, muchas veces, obligados a interrogarnos e interrogar acerca de qué sufrimiento es el que está manifestándose, o, en muchos casos, a quién pertenece ese dolor que está haciéndose presente en nuestro paciente. Varios autores se abocaron a pensar en la transmisión transgeneracional como herramienta conceptual para poder abordar estas problemáticas clínicas, e intentar posibilitar que el paciente logre realizar un recorrido subjetivizante.
In our practice we are continuously faced with questions that cause us to widen our horizons so as to be able to think about our patients' conflicts. As regards those patients whose suffering does not seem to correlate to their history, nor to the account provided by adults, when it comes to children or adolescents, we, as psychoanalysts, are required to wonder and ask about the suffering that is manifesting itself or, in many cases, who the pain the patient bears belongs to. Several authors have pondered on transgenerational transmission as a conceptual tool that makes it possible for us to deal with these problems arising in our practice and to enable our patients to go through a subjectivising process.
Fréquemment la clinique nous met face à des questionnements qui nous obligent à élargir nos horizons afin de pouvoir repenser la problématique des patients. Dans le cas de enfants ou des adolescents dont la souffrance n´est pas en accord avec leur histoire ou avec les récits des adultes qui les entourent, nous nous trouvons dans l´obligation de nous questionner et de questionner à propos de la nature de la souffrance qui apparaî tou a propos de l´apartennance de cette douleur presente chez le patient. Plusieurs auteurs ont pris comme outil conceptuel la "transmission transgénérationnelle" afin de pouvoir comprendre ces problématiques cliniques et faciliter le parcours subjectivisant du patient.
Assuntos
Criança , Adolescente , Psicologia da Criança , Sintomas Afetivos , Identificação Psicológica , Psicanálise , PsicologiaRESUMO
En el comentario del caso se analiza una viñeta clínica que se inicia con un estado de adhesividad violenta entre una adolescente, Ana, y su madre. Para la madre de Ana el mundo es enigmáticamente peligroso y no tolera la separación de su hija. A partir de las manifestaciones de los integrantes de la familia, y el develamiento de la historia familiar, se hacen presentes los pensamientos encriptados, transmitidos a través de las generaciones. Los elementos traumáticos, indecibles en la abuela de Ana, innombrables para su madre, adquieren figurabilidad gracias a que Ana, en el trabajo con su terapeuta comienza a ligarlos con su historia.
A clinical vignette that begins with a state of violent adhesiveness between a teenager, Ana, and her mother is analyzed. For Ana's mother, the world is enigmatically dangerous and she does not tolerate being separated from her daughter. From the manifestations of the members of the family, and the unveiling of the family story, the encrypted thoughts transmitted through the generations are present. The trauma, unsaid for Ana's grandmother, and unspeakable for her mother, acquires figurability for Ana, that working with her therapist, begins to link it with her story.
Dans le commentaire du cas, une vignette clinique qui commence par un état d'adhésivité violente entre une adolescente, Ana, et sa mère est analysée. Pour la mère d'Ana, le monde est énigmatiquement dangereux et elle ne tolère pas la séparation de sa fille. Depuis les récits des membres de la famille et le dévoilement de l'histoire familiale, des pensées cryptées transmises à travers les générations émergent. Les éléments traumatiques, indicibles par la grand-mère d'Ana, innommables pour sa mère, acquièrent de la figurabilité grâce à Ana, qui dans le travail avec sa thérapeute, commence à les relier à son histoire.
